• Skytap overview
  • Skytap features by region
  • Skytap service limits
• Access requirements
• Creating environments
  • Creating an environment from a template
    • Skytap public templates
      • Ansible dynamic inventory
      • Configuring an Ubuntu Server VM created from a Skytap public template
  • Copying environments
  • Copying environments with running VMs (live clone)
    • Quiescing VM activity
  • Building a VM from an ISO
• Importing VMs into Skytap
  • Preparing Power LPARs for import into Skytap
  • Preparing x86 VMs and vApps for import
    • Creating MD5 hash values for VM imports
  • Importing VMs using the VM Imports page
    • Retrying a failed import
  • Importing Power LPARs into Skytap
    • Importing IBM i workloads into Skytap using NIS
    • Importing IBM i workloads into Skytap using IBM Cloud Storage Solutions for i (ICC)
    • Importing IBM i workloads into Skytap using direct transfer
    • Creating a Skytap AIX VM from a mksysb image
    • Creating a mksysb from an AIX VM in Skytap
    • Downloading IBM-hosted AIX VMs and importing them into Skytap
    • Additional ways to import Power LPARs into Skytap
  • Testing imported VMs
  • Resolving import errors
• Running and stopping VMs
• Accessing VMs
  • Accessing VM desktops from a browser
    • Testing access requirements with Connectivity Checker
    • Using audio with a VM
      • Troubleshooting VM audio
    • Using an SSH connection in a browser client session
    • Copy and paste text between the local machine and a VM
    • Insert text into a Power VM
    • Keyboard shortcuts for browser client views
    • Improving browser client performance
    • Optional URL parameters for sharing an SRA browser client view
  • Accessing VMs with RDP
• Transferring files to a VM
  • Adding and sharing files with the Assets page
  • Using ISO files
  • Using ISO files with an AIX LPAR
  • Using Skytap public assets
• Editing environments and networks
  • Adding VMs to an environment
  • Multi-attach storage for Power VM environments
  • Locking environments
  • Editing VMs
    • VM hardware and guest OS settings
      • Editing vCPUs and RAM for x86 VMs
      • Editing VM vCPUs and RAM for Power VMs
      • Enabling nested virtualization
      • Upgrading VM hardware versions
      • Using an international keyboard layout with a VM
      • Editing VM BIOS clock sync settings
      • Adding or extending a virtual disk
      • Deleting a virtual disk
      • Enabling audio for a VM
      • Enabling SSH on a VM for use in SRA browser client sessions
      • IBM i default license program packages (LPPs)
      • IBM i optional license program packages (LPPs)
      • Overview of Precisely Assure MIMIX™ Software on Skytap VMs
      • Precisely Assure MIMIX™ Software pre-installation test
      • Installing Precisely Assure MIMIX™ Software on Skytap VMs
      • Upgrading Assure MIMIX™ Software version 10.0.20.00 and newer on Skytap VMs
      • Upgrading Assure MIMIX™ Software version 10.0.19.00 and older on Skytap VMs
    • VM network settings
      • Attaching VMs to networks
      • Adding secondary IP addresses
      • Editing VM MAC address
      • Editing VM hostname or primary IP address
      • Enabling promiscuous mode
      • Using static IP addresses
      • Ensuring unique hostnames for Windows VMs
    • Storing VM credentials
    • Licensing the guest OS
    • Installing and upgrading VMware Tools - Linux
    • Installing and upgrading VMware Tools - Windows
    • Improving operating system or application performance within the VM
  • Adding containers and container hosts
    • Getting started with containers
    • About the container host
    • Creating a container host
      • Enable IP address forwarding for a container host
    • Adding containers to a container host
    • Managing individual containers
    • Containers: Known issues
    • Troubleshooting the VM Agent
  • Managing networks
    • Network overview
      • Default host-naming behavior
      • What is the difference between automatic and manual networks?
    • Viewing the network topology for an environment
    • Using multiple networks in an environment
      • Creating an automatic network
      • Creating a manual network
      • Routing between networks in the same environment
      • Avoiding restricted subnets and IP addresses
    • Networking between environments
      • Using NAT to avoid IP address conflicts
    • Editing an automatic network
      • Editing the network NAT subnet
    • Connecting an environment network to a VPN or Private Network Connection
    • Manually configuring domain name servers
    • Exposing and blocking public Internet access to VMs
      • Accessing VMs with published services
        • Adding published services
        • Connecting to a published service
        • Troubleshooting my connection to a published service
        • Removing a published service
        • Example - Accessing VMs with RDP
        • Example - Accessing VMs with SSH
      • Using public IP addresses
        • Attaching a static public IP address to a VM
        • Adding a managed DNS name and public IP address to a VM
        • Editing a managed VM DNS name
        • How does Skytap generate the VM DNS name?
        • Detaching a static public IP address or DNS name from a VM
        • What is the difference between static public IPs and dynamic public IPs with DNS?
        • Troubleshooting issues connecting to a public IP address or Skytap-managed DNS name
      • Issue - I can’t access the public Internet from my VM.
    • Deleting a network
  • Moving a VM to a different environment
  • Deleting VMs
• Sharing VMs and environments with sharing portals
  • Creating a sharing portal
    • Overview of sharing portal options
    • How to create custom HTML content for a sharing portal
    • Custom content tab – starter templates
    • Custom content tab - allowed HTML
  • Using a VM or environment from a sharing portal URL
  • Finding and sharing the URL for a sharing portal
  • Exporting sharing portal information and URLs
  • Disabling or deleting a sharing portal
• Sharing resources with projects
  • Creating and deleting projects
  • Adding and removing environments
  • Adding and removing templates
  • Adding and removing assets
  • Adding and removing users
  • Adding and removing groups
  • Understanding project roles
  • Finding project resources
• Adding a shared template to your account
• Saving an environment as a template
  • Copying a template
  • Deleting templates
• Understanding regions
  • Changing your default region
  • Copying an environment to another region
  • Copying a template to another region
  • What to expect when you copy an environment or template
• Managing your account settings
  • Changing your marketing email preferences
  • Changing your password
  • Changing your user account time zone
  • Finding your primary administrator
  • Finding your Skytap user role
  • Finding your user name and API token
  • Resetting your API token
• Viewing your current usage and usage limits
  • Viewing recent activity for an environment
• Best practices
  • Automating VMs and environments
    • Automatically suspend or shut down inactive environments
      • Sending keep-alive messages from a VM
      • Troubleshooting automatic shutdown
    • Automating actions with schedules
      • Adding a new schedule to an environment or template
      • Editing an existing schedule
      • Deleting a schedule
    • Controlling the order of VM startup with VM sequencing
    • Accessing the VM metadata service
  • CI/CD reference architectures
    • Jenkins build farm
    • Functional test environments
    • Systems integration test environments
  • IBM i Data Protection and Resiliency Solutions
    • IBM i backup and restore
    • IBM i disaster recovery and high availability
  • Creating recovery copies of VMs and environments
  • Disaster recovery reference architectures
    • On-premises data center to Skytap – cold recovery
    • On-premises data center to Skytap – warm recovery
    • Skytap region-to-region – cold recovery
    • Skytap region-to-region – warm recovery
  • Monitoring your usage with email notifications
  • Organizing resources with labels and tags
    • Adding and removing labels for environments
    • Adding and removing labels for templates
    • Adding and removing labels for VMs and other resources
    • Adding and removing tags for environments
    • Adding and removing tags for templates
    • Error messages for tags and labels
  • Security best practices
  • Using Skytap for demos
  • Using Skytap for training classes
    • Choosing an environment architecture and remote connection method
    • Creating class lab environments
    • Best practices for preparing student VMs
    • Preparing for and delivering a training class
• Knowledge base
  • Skytap security improvements: Deprecation and end of life (EOL) notices
  • How to add notes to VMs, environments, templates, and assets
  • How to change the name of a VM
  • How to change the name or description of an environment
  • How to check VM hardware version
  • How to connect to a VM from an iPad or iPhone
  • How to connect to Skytap using a private WAN connection
  • How to delete environments
  • How to export a list of environments, templates, or assets
  • How to export VMs
  • How to find the ID for a VM, VPN, environment, or template
  • How to find the Instance URL for a Skytap on Azure account
  • How to find the IP addresses for a VM
  • How to find the network gateway IP address
  • How to find your user name and API security token
  • How to generate an API security token for your account
  • Guide to the Dashboard
  • Protecting a VM that is exposed to the internet or compromised
  • Time zones and UTC offsets
  • Understanding storage in Skytap
  • Using search
  • Using Windows in Skytap
    • Fixing duplicate SID errors for Windows networking
    • Managing Windows hostnames with Skytap Helper
    • Resolving prompts to reactivate a Windows license
    • Running a Windows domain
  • Using Power VMs in Skytap
    • Differences between Power and x86 VMs
    • IBM i FAQ
    • Viewing system reference codes for an IBM i VM in Skytap
    • Applying PTFs to an IBM i VM in Skytap
    • Manually refreshing IBM i licenses
    • Refreshing IBM i licenses with LICKEY
    • Booting an AIX VM into maintenance mode
    • Configuring TCP/IP network settings for an AIX VM
    • Connecting to an AIX VM with X Windows
    • Importing Power VMs into Skytap
    • Known issues for Power VMs in Skytap
    • Preserving AIX disk numbering with ghostdev
    • Overview of Assure MIMIX™ Software
  • Editing VMs outside of Skytap
    • Compressing VMX files to OVA for import
    • Converting a physical machine to a VM
    • Converting non-VMware-based VMs for import
    • Converting OVF files to VMX for use with VMware Converter
  • Troubleshooting connections to a Skytap VM from a Windows 10 computer?
• Troubleshooting

Skytap service limits

Your Skytap account has limits for VMs and environments for each region, as well as network and other limits for the overall account. This page provides details about those limits, both account-wide and for all Skytap regions.

For additional networking details, see What IP addresses and port ranges does Skytap use?.

If you’re a primary administrator and you need specific capabilities that exceed these limits, contact support@skytap.com. Include your name, email address, and the name of your organization. If you’re a standard user or administrator, work with your primary administrator to request an increase.

VM limits

Each VM has the following virtual hardware and metadata limits:

Item	Limit
CPU	See Regional Limits below
RAM	See Regional Limits below
Storage	See Regional Limits below
Network adapters (NIC)	10
IP addresses per NIC	255
VM name	33 Unicode characters
Labels	30
Tags	100
Notes	30

IOPS for x86 VMs

IOPS for x86 VMs scale with the amount of RAM allocated to the VM, depending on region.

US-West

RAM-based IOPS scaling for x86 VMs in US-West.

VM RAM	IOPS
1 GB	250
2 GB	325
3 GB	400
4 GB	475
5 GB	550
6 GB	625
7 GB	700
8 GB	775

Many factors affect storage performance, including file size and the number of files acted upon. These values represent the maximum IOPS capabilities of a VM.

All other regions

RAM-based IOPS scaling for x86 VMs in all other regions (APAC-2, AU-Sydney-M-1, CAN-Toronto, CN-HongKong-M-1, DE-Frankfurt-1-1, EMEA, IE-Dublin-M-1, IN-Pune-M-1, NL-Amsterdam-M-1, SG-Singapore-M-1, UK-London-M-1, US-Central, US-East-2, US-Texas-M-1, US-Virginia-M-1, or US-West).

VM RAM	IOPS	VM RAM	IOPS	VM RAM	IOPS
1 GB	300	9 GB	1100	17 GB	1900
2 GB	400	10 GB	1200	18 GB	2000
3 GB	500	11 GB	1300	19 GB	2100
4 GB	600	12 GB	1400	20 GB	2200
5 GB	700	13 GB	1500	21 GB	2300
6 GB	800	14 GB	1600	22 GB	2400
7 GB	900	15 GB	1700	23 GB	2500
8 GB	1000	16 GB	1800	24 GB	2600

Environment and template limits

Each environment or template has the following virtual hardware and metadata limits:

Item	Limit
VMs	512
Networks	30
Sharing Portals	100
Name	254 Unicode characters
Labels	30
Tags	100
Notes	20

Environment network limits

Each network within an environment has the following limits:

Item	Limit
ICNR and NAT tunnels	100

Asset limits

Each asset has the following metadata limits:

Item	Limit
Notes	20
Tags	100
Labels	30

Account-wide limits

Each account has the following limits across the entire account (all regions):

Item	Limit
Import and export jobs	5 – total concurrent jobs, import/export combined
Import job	50 VMs – total combined size (uncompressed) 1 TB
VM copy processes	100 (concurrent)

Organizational

Item	Limit
Users	7,500
Projects	1,000
Groups	100
Departments	100

Administrative

Item	Limit
Notification rules	100 – each of which can be sent to 100 recipients
Label Categories	100 active, plus up to 100 inactive
CSV Usage reports	10,000 (in a seven-day period)
All other CSV reports	10,000 (in a seven-day period)
Schedules	14,000 (per calendar week)
Schedule actions	20 (per Schedule)

Regional limits

Depending on the type, each VM has the following limits within the regions specified:

APAC-2

API name: sng1r1

x86
Max. vCPUs	24
Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB
Max. # of disks	15

AU-Sydney-M-1

API name: sym1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32

CAN-Toronto

API name: tor1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	12		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	256 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

CN-HongKong-M-1

API name: hkm1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

DE-Frankfurt-I-1

API name: fri1r1

x86
Max. vCPUs	24
Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB
Max. # of disks	15

EMEA

API name: lon1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	256 GB		Max. RAM	256 GB		Max. RAM	256 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

IE-Dublin-M-1

API name: dbm1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

IN-Pune-M-1

API name: pnm1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

NL-Amsterdam-M-1

API name: amm1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

SG-Singapore-M-1

API name: sgm1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

UK-London-M-1

API name: ldm1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

US-Central

API name: dal1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

US-East-2

API name: wdb1r1

x86
Max. vCPUs	24
Max. RAM	256 GB
Max. storage	4 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB
Max. # of disks	15

US-Texas-M-1

API name: txm1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

US-Virginia-M-1

API name: vam1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	24		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	4 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	4 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5

US-West

API name: tuk1r1

x86			IBM i			AIX			Linux on Power
Max. vCPUs	12		Max. vCPUs	4		Max. vCPUs	16		Max. vCPUs	16
Max. RAM	256 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB		Max. RAM	512 GB
Max. storage	2 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB		Max. storage	32 TB
Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2047 GB		Max. disk size	2 TB		Max. disk size	2 TB
Max. # of disks	15		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32		Max. # of disks	32
			Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5		Max. # of disk sets	5